True rhododendrons have 10 stamens in a flower and azaleas have only 5. They are grown for their showy spring flowers and in the case of evergreen types for their attractive winter foliage. They originate mostly from the Northern Hemisphere with high concentrations in western China, the Himalayas and Myanmar (Burma). Most are evergreen but some are deciduous. Rhododendron is a genus of 500 to 900 species and includes both of what we commonly call rhododendrons and azaleas. Clip off spent flower clusters immediately after bloom as practicable. Add limestone or lime to soils to raise the pH. Add sulfur or iron sulfate to soils to lower the pH. Acidify soils as needed (plants generally like soil pH in the range of 5.0 to 5.5). Shallow, fibrous root systems (do not cultivate around plants) will benefit greatly from a mulch (e.g., wood chips, bark or pine needles) to help retain moisture and stabilize soil temperatures. Poor drainage inevitably leads to root rot, therefore raised beds/plantings should be considered in heavy clay soils such as those present in much of the St. Good soil drainage is essential (plants do not like “wet feet”). Do not site plants within or near the drip line of trees in the walnut family (most rhododendrons/azaleas are sensitive to toxic juglones produced by roots of walnuts, butternuts, pecans and hickories). Plants perform well on north or east facing slopes. Plant in a location protected from strong winds. Tolerates a fair amount of sun in cool northern summers, but leaves may scorch in hot afternoon sun in the St. Morning sun with afternoon shade is also acceptable. Prefers a sun dappled or high open shade. Best grown in acidic, organically rich, humusy, medium moisture, moisture-retentive but well-drained soils in part shade.
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